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Roman Catholic theology of Scripture : ウィキペディア英語版
Roman Catholic theology of Scripture
The theology of Scripture in the Roman Catholic church has evolved much since the Second Vatican Council of Catholic Bishops ("Vatican II", 1962-1965). This article explains the theology (or understanding) of Scripture that has come to dominate in the Catholic Church today. It focuses on the Church’s response to various areas of study into the original meaning of texts.〔That is, the contextual or "literal" meaning intended by the human author who wrote the text, including the author's unconscious and also divine inspiration. This is in contrast to the fundamentalist manner of reading Scripture “literally”. Both are clarified in this article.〕
==Watershed Council==
Vatican II's ''Constitution on Revelation'' opened the door to acceptance within the Church for much of the scholarly study of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures that had taken place since the 19th century. Developments within the Catholic Church can be traced through documents of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, which oversees scriptural interpretation as it pertains to Catholic teaching.〔(Pontifical Biblical Commission documents )〕 Until Vatican II the decrees of this commission reflected the Counter-Reformation effort to preserve the tradition unchanged, lest errors arising during the Protestant Reformation enter into Catholic belief. Consequent on Vatican II, the Counter-Reformation mentality in the Catholic Church diminished and the ecumenical spirit of openness to what is good in modern studies was embraced. The Council Fathers reiterated what was dogmatic in the previous teaching of the Church, "that the books of Scripture must be acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully and without error that truth which God wanted put into sacred writings for the sake of salvation."〔cf. St. Augustine, "Gen. ad Litt." 2, 9, 20:PL 34, 270-271; Epistle 82, 3: PL 33, 277: CSEL 34, 2, p. 354. St. Thomas, "On Truth," Q. 12, A. 2, C. Council of Trent, session IV, Scriptural Canons: ''Denzinger'' 783 (1501). Leo XIII, encyclical ''Providentissimus Deus'': EB 121, 124, 126-127. Pius XII, encyclical ''Divino Afflante Spiritu'': EB 539.〕 This is the substance of what church ''dogma'' (infallible teaching) says. The Council document went on to show an openness to development of ''doctrine'', since historically growth in understanding has led to more developed theologies〔Vatican II, ''Constitution on Revelation'', article 8,〕 – in this case of scriptural interpretation within the Church. The Council Fathers continued:
However, since God speaks in Sacred Scripture through men in human fashion,〔St. Augustine, ''City of God'', XVII, 6, 2: PL 41, 537: CSEL. XL, 2, 228〕 the interpreter of Sacred Scripture, in order to see clearly what God wanted to communicate to us, should carefully investigate what meaning the sacred writers really intended, and what God wanted to manifest by means of their words. To search out the intention of the sacred writers, attention should be given, among other things, to "literary forms" ... in accordance with the situation of his own time and culture.〔. St. Augustine, ''On Christian Doctrine III'', 18, 26; PL 34, 75-76.〕 For the correct understanding of what the sacred author wanted to assert, due attention must be paid to the customary and characteristic styles of feeling, speaking and narrating which prevailed at the time of the sacred writer, and to the patterns men normally employed at that period in their everyday dealings with one another.〔Pius XII, loc. cit. ''Denziger'' 2294 (3829-3830); EB 557-562.〕 But, since Holy Scripture must be read and interpreted in the sacred spirit in which it was written,〔cf. Benedict XV, encyclical ''Spiritus Paraclitus'' Sept. 15, 1920:EB 469. St. Jerome, "In Galatians" 5, 19-20: PL 26, 417 A.〕 no less serious attention must be given to the content and unity of the whole of Scripture if the meaning of the sacred texts is to be correctly worked out. The living tradition of the whole Church must be taken into account along with the harmony which exists between elements of the faith. It is the task of exegetes to work according to these rules toward a better understanding and explanation of the meaning of Sacred Scripture, so that through preparatory study the judgment of the Church may mature.〔''Dei Verbum'' (''Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation''), promulgated by Pope Paul VI on November 18, 1965; No. 12.〕

In these words and in the ensuing decrees of the Biblical commission, the contextual interpretation of scripture was endorsed, as distinguished from the fundamentalist approach which would hold to the verbal accuracy of every verse of scripture. Catholics, however, remain free to interpret Scripture in any way that does not contradict Catholic dogma.

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